This study has shown that the population has consistent views links of london uk on the uggs outlet “protection worthiness” reebok outlet,reebok,reebok skyscape,reebok shoes of targets. Through the elicitation gucci of beliefs and subsequent content analysis, a set of six factors (potential damage on “people,” hollister clothing “symbolism,” “economy,” “politics,” “nature,” and “image/publicity”) could be established that represent the cognitive structure in people's minds that determines to air max a large extent their valuations of potential targets of a terrorist attack. The six factors mentioned above were found consistently in three different samples of participants. Moreover, there were no juicy couture significant differences in participants' judgments between the subgroups “students,” “working professionals,” and “security professionals” to be found. louboutin These findings suggest that the six factors coach outlet,coach factory,coach factory outlet,coach outlet store,coach outlet store online,coach factory online,coach factory outlet online,coach outlet online are shared among the participants of this study. However, michael kors,michael kors uk,michael kors handbags,michael kors bags the number of participants and the toms outlet subgroups involved in this study karen millen dresses was limited. In order timberland shoes to gain more in-depth coach outlet store online,coach outlet store,coach outlet knowledge on how broadly shared this cognitive structure with the six factors really is, studies with more diverse and broader samples should be conducted. Even oakley pas cher,oakley,oakley soldes,lunette oakley pas cher,oakley france though some personal values are universal,26 it is, for example, possible that the judgments about “protection lacoste pas cher worthiness” found in a different coach factory outlet,coach factory,coach factory outlet online,coach factory online culture (e.g. a participant sample from another continent) differ significantly from uggs outlet the ones found in this study: “Protection worthiness” might be associated to perceived risk, which true religion has been shown to differ substantially between cultures.27The six factors confirm factors postulated and/or specified in earlier studies: research montre pas cher with a game theoretic background often assumes that economic, human, and symbolic values are assessed by the defender and attacker.28 Those factors could be fully true religion replicated converse pas cher with the above vanessa bruno pas cher methodology. Eminue and Ufomba named “political capacity,” but left out symbolic values. In addition to these four factors from the literature, the present research has also identified the factors “image/publicity” and “nature.” “Image/publicity” appears to be important since terrorists often strive new balance pas cher to pandora charms,pandora uk,pandora bracelet,pandora rings,pandora,pandora sale,pandora bracelets,pandora jewellery,pandora ring,pandora charm,pandora earrings,pandora jewelry,pandora necklace,pandora charms uk convey a message. It is not surprising that this important element is, for nike air max example, also wedding dresses,prom dresses,bridesmaid dresses,evening dresses,beach wedding dresses,cheap wedding dresses,homecoming dresses,prom dresses,wedding dresses contained implicitly in the definition of terrorism by Kruglanski and Fishman, and explicitly babyliss pro in the work for example sac longchamp,longchamp,longchamps,longchamp pas cher,sac longchamp pas cher,longchamp pliage,longchamp soldes,sac longchamps,longchamp france by Schmid29 or Picard.30 It is suggested that future studies incorporate air force,nike air force,air force 1,air force one,nike air force 1,nike air force one,air force one nike this aspect as well.The importance of “nature” might be relatively low nike trainers compared to the factors mentioned before. This might also partly be a christian louboutin shoes,louboutin shoes,louboutin outlet,louboutin,christian louboutin,red bottom shoes,red bottoms,christian louboutin outlet,red bottom shoes for women,louboutins methodological artifact: as true religion the “A+” targets (desert, field) were scenes of nature, participants argued that they are worthy of protection because of their lululemon,lululemon canada,lululemon outlet canada,lululemon outlet online importance for nature and the ecosystem. This might explain how this factor came about. This factor's negative correlation with the rated attractiveness of targets for terrorists has to do roshe run,nike roshe,roshe runs,nike roshe run,nike roshes partly with ray ban the fact that louboutin,christian louboutin,red bottom shoes,louboutin shoes,red bottoms,louboutin outlet,christian louboutin shoes,christian louboutin outlet,red bottom shoes for women,louboutins both of vans scarpe these nature scenes were low in their potential nike air max,air max,air max pas cher,air max one,air max 90,air max france damage to politics, the economy, humans, and air max,nike air max,air max 2015,nike air max 2015,air max 90,airmax,air max 95,nike air max 90 symbolism. Thus, it was found in sac guess,guess pas cher,guess,guess collection,sac a main guess this study, with its present set of items, that the higher the “ecological” value of targets is, the lower their attractiveness for terrorists michael kors outlet online,michael kors,kors outlet,michael kors outlet,michael kors handbags,michael kors outlet online sale,michael kors handbags clearance,michael kors purses,michaelkors.com,michael kors bags,michael kors shoes,michaelkors,cheap michael kors is rated. It remains pandora jewelry,pandora charms,pandora bracelet,pandora bracelets,pandora rings,pandora jewelry store locator,pandora charm,pandora charms clearance,pandora store,pandora jewelry outlet store,pandora jewelry sale online to be validated air max,nike air max,air max pas cher,air max one,air max 90,air max france if it makes sense longchamp,sac longchamp,longchamps,longchamp pas cher,sac longchamp pas cher,longchamp pliage,longchamp soldes,sac longchamps,longchamp france to keep this michael kors outlet,michael kors,kors outlet,michael kors handbags,michael kors outlet online,michael kors outlet online sale,michael kors handbags clearance,michael kors purses,michaelkors.com,michael kors bags,michael kors shoes,michaelkors,cheap michael kors factor in future north face models. In ugg australia,ugg slippers,uggs boots,uggs outlet,ugg boots,ugg,uggs,ugg boots clearance,uggs on sale future research, it might be worthwhile to include “A+” lululemon outlet,lululemon,yoga pants,lulu lemon,lulu.com,lululemon.com targets that are no scenes of nature (e.g. an empty factory longchamp,longchamp handbags,longchamp outlet,longchamp bags,long champ that is no uggs more used).It becomes clear, though, that the important factors, which nfl jerseys,jerseys,baseball jerseys,cheap jerseys,nba jerseys,hockey jerseys,basketball jerseys,jerseys from china,cheap nfl jerseys have been found with an empirical approach to be represented in people's minds, overlap with what other researchers have postulated beats by dre,dr dre,beats headphones,dre beats,beats by dr,beats by dr dre,beats audio,dr dre beats,dre headphones,beats by dre headphones,beats by dr. dre,cheap beats earlier to hollister be important factors in the area of rolex watches,rolex,watches for men,watches for women,omega watches,replica watches,rolex watches for sale,rolex replica,rolex watch,cartier watches,rolex submariner,fake rolex,rolex replica watches,replica rolex terrorism in general. The overlap is not complete, though, as it has not been possible to replicate some of the factors that seem important on the terrorists' side. For example, Santos Bravo and Mendes Dias31 vans,vans pas cher,vans soldes have empirically studied deprivation. According to easton bats them, deprivation means that, “low levels of education, poor social conditions, and lack of political freedom are ferragamo shoes,ferragamo,salvatore ferragamo,ferragamo belts,ferragamo belt,ferragamo outlet among kate spade outlet,kate spade,katespade,kate spade handbags the main jordan shoes,jordans,air jordan,jordan retro,jordan 11,jordan xx9,jordan 6,new jordans,air jordans,cheap jordans,retro jordans,jordan retro 11,jordan 5,air jordan 11,jordans for sale,jordan 4,jordan 1,jordan future,jordan 3,jordan 12,michael jordan shoes,air jordan shoes,air jordan retro roots of terrorism in the less developed regions.” Factors like this one can only be found by applying the terrorist approach. On coach purses,coach handbags,coach bags the other ray ban pas cher,ray ban,rayban,lunette ray ban pas cher hand, at least one factor, i.e. timberland pas cher “nature,” tiffany and co jewelry,tiffany and co outlet,tiffany and co,tiffany's,tiffanys,tiffany co,tiffany jewelry appears to be rather new in this context.Further differences were found between the factors: the number of statements that could be allocated to each nike air max,air max,air max 2015,nike air max 2015,air max 90,airmax,air max 95,nike air max 90 individual factor oakley sunglasses,cheap oakley sunglasses,oakley sunglasses cheap,oakley vault,oakleys,oakley.com,sunglasses outlet,cheap oakley,oakley outlet,cheap sunglasses,oakley prescription glasses,fake oakleys,oakley sunglasses outlet,oakley glasses,oakley store,fake oakley,oakley sale,cheap oakleys,discount oakley sunglasses differed considerably. Thus, the number of statements that are accessible in nike free run people's ugg,ugg australia,ugg italia memories and their distribution on the factors demonstrate swarovski jewelry that some factors are more prominently represented in people's minds if they think nike free,free running,nike free run,nike free 5.0,free running 2,nike running shoes,nike free trainer,nike free trainer 5.0,free runs,free run 5.0 about a target's “worthiness of protection.” Furthermore, the first three factors (i.e. “people,” “symbolism,” and “economy”) are shared factors among all converse shoes,converse,converse.com,converse sneakers,converse outlet participants as every herve leger,herve leger dresses participant had mentioned at least one statement for each michael kors outlet,michael kors outlet online,michael kors,kors outlet,michael kors handbags,michael kors outlet online sale,michael kors handbags clearance,michael kors purses,michaelkors.com,michael kors bags,michael kors shoes,michaelkors,cheap michael kors of them. All other factors studied seem to be represented and accessible only in a birkin bag,hermes belt,hermes handbags,hermes birkin,hermes bags,birkin bags part of the participants, as not every participant mentioned statements for each factor in this study.Apart from an empirical confirmation chanel handbags,chanel bags,chanel sunglasses,chanel purses,chanel outlet of factors that had been postulated on thomas sabo uk a theoretical basis in asics,asics gel,asics running,asics running shoes,asics shoes,asics gel nimbus,asics gel kayano,asics gt earlier research, the present study provides more information on what rolex watches,replica watches,omega watches,rolex watches for sale,replica watches uk,fake rolex people consider “worthy of protection” and why they do so. This longchamp,longchamp bags,longchamp uk knowledge was gained gucci outlet,gucci handbags,gucci belts,gucci shoes,gucci,gucci belt,gucci sunglasses,gucci bags,cheap gucci by applying a methodology that mulberry,mulberry handbags,mulberry outlet,mulberry bags,mulberry uk is reproducible and reliable: based on the participants' responses in the pilot giuseppe zanotti study, a dictionary was set up that nike roshe uk allowed for an automated, and thus fully reliable, allocation of keywords in statements to the prada outlet,prada,prada handbags,prada sunglasses,prada shoes,prada bags six factors ugg pas cher found in future studies. This dictionary can further be enlarged and tory burch outlet,tory burch,tory burch handbags,tory burch shoes,tory burch sale,toryburch,tory burch sandals,toryburch.com,tory burch flip flops refined, plus, if needed, instyler ionic styler,instyler several versions for several cultural groups could be set up if louboutin outlet,louboutin,christian louboutin,red bottom shoes,louboutin shoes,red bottoms,christian louboutin shoes,christian louboutin outlet,red bottom shoes for women,louboutins cultural differences in mac cosmetics,m a c cosmetics,mac makeup,maccosmetics.com judgments were discovered.Another key finding is that what people consider celine handbags,celine bag,celine bags “worthy of protection” does not fully overlap with what they consider to be attractive for terrorists. This finding uggs might indicate that critical infrastructure protection schemes polo ralph lauren should not be based solely on judging nike huarache the target's attractiveness to terrorists. This is in accordance with game theory that insanity,insanity workout,insanity workout calendar,insanity calendar,insanity workout schedule suggests that defense should ideally be devised based on the valuations of the terrorists and, iphone 6 cases,iphone 6 case,iphone 5c cases,iphone 5s cases,iphone cases,iphone case,iphone 5 cases,iphone 4s cases,iphone 4 cases,ipad cases,ipad mini cases,ipad air cases,galaxy s5 cases,galaxy s4 cases,phone cases second, the ralph lauren,ralph lauren uk,ralph lauren outlet,polo ralph lauren outlet valuations of the oakley public.32 Not taking this second source of information abercrombie and fitch UK into account, ugg boots,uggs,ugg,ugg boots uk,ugg uk however, would nike free,free run,nike free run,nike free pas cher,nike free run pas cher,nike free france be problematic in at least two soccer shoes,nike mercurial different ways: first, because “traditional” risk assessments often rely on past data for forecasting into the future; a concern also expressed by Beitel et al. Second, because “traditional” risk assessments often contain “expert” judgments about air max the present and the future.Relying on past data is problematic because terrorists react strategically to counterterrorism measures, for example with “substitution effects,”33 or because changes in the leadership tn pas cher,nike tn,nike tn pas cher,nike tn requin,tn requin,tn requin pas cher structure or p90x,p90x3,p90x workout,p90x workout schedule,p90x workout sheets,p90x 3,p90x2 the vans shoes,vans outlet,vans store,star wars vans shoes,cheap vans,vans shoes outlet,white vans,black vans,red vans,vans star wars,vans sneakers,vans shoes outlet store,vans sale,cheap vans shoes leaders' beliefs and motivations cause adjustments in the terrorists' objectives.2 Relying on “expert” judgments is problematic ugg,uggs,uggs canada because experts always judge abercrombie things in a burberry outlet online,burberry,burberry outlet,burberry handbags,burberry factory outlet,burberry sale subjective way as they longchamp outlet,longchamp,longchamp handbags,longchamp bags,long champ interpret jimmy choo,jimmy choo shoes,jimmy choo outlet,jimmy choo handbags information based on their personal insight into the subject matter, swarovski uk their knowledge, and their previous experiences. It is therefore recommended that information about the terrorists (e.g. traditional hermes,sac hermes,hermes pas cher,sac hermes pas cher risk assessment; “terrorist approach”) and information about the people's views mont blanc (e.g. from judgments what is important to them; “population approach”) should be combined and integrated in order to provide louboutin,chaussure louboutin,louboutin pas cher,chaussures louboutin,chaussure louboutin pas cher,louboutin france a holistic picture wedding dresses,wedding dress,dresses for wedding,bride dresses,dresses for weddings,wedding dresses uk,cheap wedding dresses,vintage wedding dresses,monsoon wedding dresses,lace wedding dresses,wedding dresses for older brides,wedding dresses 2014 from which recommendations for practice hollister,hollister canada,abercrombie and fitch,abercrombie,abercrombie and,abercrombie kids,af can be deducted.The main limitation of the present study lies in the qualitative part of the first content analysis in the pilot test. This first process of grouping keywords in statements into factors based on their content can never chi flat iron,chi hair be completely objective. The five quality criteria for objectivity in content analyses have been followed as much as nike roshe run,roshe run,nike roshe,rosh run,roshe run pas cher,nike roshe france possible.34 The process was abercrombie and fitch,abercrombie and,abercrombie,abercrombie kids,abercrombie fitch,abercrombie.com carried out by two researchers working independently, one of whom was new and naive to oakley sunglasses,oakley vault,oakley sunglasses cheap,oakleys,oakley.com,sunglasses outlet,cheap oakley,cheap oakley sunglasses,oakley outlet,cheap sunglasses,oakley prescription glasses,fake oakleys,oakley sunglasses outlet,oakley glasses,oakley store,fake oakley,oakley sale,cheap oakleys,discount oakley sunglasses the subject, and by subsequently discussing the results in the research group. Furthermore, the definitions, the procedure, mcm handbags,mcm bags,mcm backpack,mcm outlet and the dictionary are documented, and the materials michael kors handbags,michael kors outlet,michael kors outlet online,michael kors,kors outlet,michael kors outlet online sale,michael kors handbags clearance,michael kors purses,michaelkors.com,michael kors bags,michael kors shoes,michaelkors,cheap michael kors were pretested in the pilot study. A certain coach outlet,coach factory outlet,coach outlet store,coach factory,coach outlet store online,coach factory online,coach factory outlet online,coach outlet online degree of subjectivity was also involved in the naming of the factors hogan,hogan outlet,scarpe hogan,hogan sito ufficiale,hogan interactive as slightly different titles would be possible as well. bottega veneta,bottega,bottega veneta outlet However, once this first step is accepted and agreed on, based north face outlet,north face,the north face,northface,north face jackets,north face jackets clearance,the north face outlet on its documentation polo ralph lauren outlet online,ralph lauren,polo ralph,polo ralph lauren,ralph lauren outlet,polo shirts,ralph lauren outlet online,polo ralph lauren outlet,ralphlauren.com,polo outlet,ralph lauren polo (in this case, it consists of the factor nike air max definitions and the complete dictionary), the computerized process of allocating keywords in statements to factors is fully reliable and free of subjectivity in all future analyses.Another limitation that has to be mentioned concerns the people's ratings of ralph lauren,polo ralph lauren,ralph lauren pas cher,polo ralph lauren pas cher,ralph lauren france how michael kors outlet store,michael kors outlet,michael kors outlet online,michael kors,kors outlet,michael kors handbags,michael kors outlet online sale,michael kors handbags clearance,michael kors purses,michaelkors.com,michael kors bags,michael kors shoes,michaelkors,cheap michael kors attractive the targets are for terrorists. michael kors,sac michael kors,michael kors pas cher,sac michael kors pas cher,michael kors france The validity of these ratings cannot be assessed: it is not known if these ratings really correlate with ray ban sunglasses,ray ban sunglasses outlet,ray ban,rayban,ray bans,ray ban outlet,ray-ban,raybans,ray ban wayfarer,ray-ban sunglasses,raybans.com,rayban sunglasses,cheap ray ban how terrorists would perceive the attractiveness prada handbags,prada,prada sunglasses,prada shoes,prada outlet,prada bags of the marc jacobs targets. Since burberry pas cher terrorism is a very diverse phenomenon,35 it lancel is at least unlikely that these ratings would hold true for all terrorists. Since the main findings of the present study do not rely north face,the north face,north face pas cher,north face soldes,north face france on these ratings, however, this tiffany and co jewelry,tiffany and co outlet,tiffany and co,tiffany's,tiffanys,tiffany co,tiffany jewelry issue is of lesser importance, but it has air jordan,jordan pas cher,air jordan pas cher,nike air jordan,air jordan france to oakley sunglasses cheap,cheap oakley sunglasses,oakley sunglasses,oakley vault,oakleys,oakley.com,sunglasses outlet,cheap oakley,oakley outlet,cheap sunglasses,oakley prescription glasses,fake oakleys,oakley sunglasses outlet,oakley glasses,oakley store,fake oakley,oakley sale,cheap oakleys,discount oakley sunglasses be kept in mind as well upon the interpretation of the juicy couture outlet data. 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Such future studies could, hollister uk for example apply burberry outlet online,burberry outlet,burberry,burberry handbags,burberry factory outlet,burberry sale factor analysis in order nike blazer to identify how north face jackets,north face,the north face,northface,north face outlet,north face jackets clearance,the north face outlet keywords load onto factors.36 If the factors can be replicated, the prioritization of ghd,ghd hair,ghd hair straighteners,ghd straighteners the factors relative to each other should be scrutinized. If this prioritization is known, these empirically found factors can be used to further detail and complete models soccer jerseys,soccer jersey,usa soccer jersey,football jerseys such as the one ray ban sunglasses outlet,ray ban sunglasses,ray ban,rayban,ray bans,ray ban outlet,ray-ban,raybans,ray ban wayfarer,ray-ban sunglasses,raybans.com,rayban sunglasses,cheap ray ban by Bier et al. or to check how much overlap there is between government objectives (as identified for example by the ugg,ugg australia,uggs,ugg pas cher,ugg soldes,bottes ugg,bottes ugg pas cher homeland security value model) kate spade handbags,kate spade,kate spade outlet,katespade and the views of the population.It is important louboutin,christian louboutin,louboutin shoes,louboutins,louboutin uk,christian louboutin uk,red bottom shoes,red bottoms,louboutin outlet,christian louboutin shoes,christian louboutin outlet to keep in mind, though, that the picture may in practice often involve two-way influences: as pointed out michael kors by Ganor,37 supra shoes the actions of the government may indeed influence what the people think, and politicians may act upon what they think is the public's opinion, hollister,abercrombie,abercrombie fitch,hollister france,hollister pas cher,abercrombie and fitch,hollister pas cher which need ray ban sunglasses uk not necessarily be true. In the future, checklists could be developed that would help practitioners nike shoes,nike outlet,nike factory,nike store,nike factory outlet,nike outlet store,cheap nike shoes,nike sneakers to rank targets regarding their new balance shoes,new balance,balance shoes,new balance outlet,new balance store,new balance store locator,new balance shoes for women,joe's new balance outlet,newbalance,newbalance.com,new balance walking shoes worthiness of protection based on a theoretical model without pandora jewelry,pandora charms,pandora bracelet,pandora bracelets,pandora rings,pandora jewelry store locator,pandora charm,pandora charms clearance,pandora store,pandora jewelry outlet store,pandora jewelry sale online always having to ask a sample of the population for their views. If such procedures can be established based on solid scientific knowledge, the information longchamp handbags,longchamp,longchamp outlet,longchamp bags,long champ output from such tools might serve as one important leg in future critical infrastructure protection schemes. |
